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            當(dāng)前位置:【新安中學(xué)首頁(yè)】>【高考專欄】>【高考復(fù)習(xí)
            英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)
              [2023-02-24 09:55]  瀏覽次數(shù):7113

            來(lái)源:學(xué)習(xí)啦方法網(wǎng)

            一、定語(yǔ)從句

            引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who(賓格whom),所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞?where?when?why?等,關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分,關(guān)系代詞that,which,who,whom等在從句中分別作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),whose在從句中作定語(yǔ),而關(guān)系副詞when,where,why等在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。?如:?

            ①I?will?never?forget?the?days?when/in?which?we?worked?together.?

            ②I?will?never?forget?the?days?which/that?we?spent?together.?

            解析:在句①中,表示時(shí)間的名詞the?days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖菭钫Z(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)代指,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the?days;

            而在句②中,表示時(shí)間的名詞the?days在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)氖莿?dòng)詞spent的賓語(yǔ),所以用關(guān)系代詞that或which來(lái)代指。??

            同樣,表示地點(diǎn)或原因的名詞如果在從句中作狀語(yǔ),則用關(guān)系副詞where?或why來(lái)代指;如果在從句中作動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),則用which或that來(lái)代替。?如:?

            ①This?is?the?factory?where/in?which?I?worked.(作狀語(yǔ))?

            ②This?is?the?factory?that/which?I?visited?years?ago.(作賓語(yǔ))??

            注:當(dāng)先行詞為time,reason,?place時(shí),引導(dǎo)詞可以省略。如:?

            ①This?was?the?first?(when/what)?I?had?serious?trouble?with?my?boss.?

            ②That?is?the?reason?(why)?I?did?it.?

            ③This?is?the?place?(where)?we?met?yesterday.??

            另外,定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與先行詞的數(shù)相一致。如:?

            ①M(fèi)r.?Jackson?is?the?only?foreigner?that?is?present?at?the?party.

            ②He?is?one?of?the?students?who?were?praised?by?the?teacher.?

            解析:在句①中,先行詞foreigner被only修飾,強(qiáng)調(diào)只有一個(gè),所以從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式,而在句②中,who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the?students,為復(fù)數(shù),所以從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)為復(fù)數(shù)。?

            二?名詞性從句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

            (一)that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句與同位語(yǔ)從句?

            定語(yǔ)從句與前面的的名詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系,“……的名詞”,而同位語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)說(shuō)明前面名詞的內(nèi)容。與that從句同位的名詞必須是一些表示事實(shí)或概念的抽象名詞,如:

            fact,news,belief,truth,reply等。

            That在定語(yǔ)從句中必須作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位語(yǔ)從句中不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用。如:?

            ①Along?with?the?letter?was?his?promise?that?he?would?visit?me?this?coming?Christmas.?

            ②Do?you?still?remember?the?chicken?farm?that?we?visited?three?months?ago.?

            解析:在句①中,that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明promise的內(nèi)容,that不充當(dāng)任何句子成分,只起連接作用,而在句②中,that在其引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作動(dòng)詞visited的賓語(yǔ),對(duì)先行詞the?chicken?farm起修飾作用。?

            (二)名詞性從句中,關(guān)于it作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)?

            1)?名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí),為保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)。如:

            It’s?a?pity?that?he?don’t?come?to?give?a?speech.(形式主語(yǔ))

            We?think?it?possible?that?you?can?finish?the?job?today.(形式賓語(yǔ))??

            2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞?appreciate,?dislike,?hate,?like,?love,?

            make等接由if或when?引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)往往在從句前加上形式賓語(yǔ)it.?例如:

            I?would?appreciate?it?if?you?could?come?to?my?birthday?party.??

            3)動(dòng)詞hare,?take,?hide,?punish,?put等,后接由that?引導(dǎo)的病因從句式,往往在從句前加形式賓語(yǔ)it.?例如:

            ①?I?take?it?that?you?will?be?leaving?Shanghai?soon.?

            ②?we?punished?it?that?we?had?finished?the?project?ahead?of?time.??

            4)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞answer?for,?count?on?depend?on,?insist?on,?

            see?to等后接有that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí),必須冠以形式賓語(yǔ)it.?例如:①?I’m?counting?on?it?that?you?will?come.?②?She’ll?see?to?it?that?he?goes?ahead.?注:作形式主語(yǔ)和形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用it.??

            三、代詞it、one、that的用法與區(qū)別

            One泛指,指代前面提到的那類人或物,用于指代可數(shù)名詞,相當(dāng)于a+名詞單數(shù),其復(fù)數(shù)形式ones前一般要有定語(yǔ),否則就要用some.?

            That(those復(fù)數(shù))即可指代不可數(shù)名詞,表特指,相當(dāng)于the+名詞,后面經(jīng)常與介詞修飾語(yǔ)連用。?It指代上文出現(xiàn)的名詞,表示同類同物,另外還可表示時(shí)間、距離、天氣、還可指代人稱代詞,表示性別身份不明,可作形式主語(yǔ),形式賓語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句式以及一些固定搭配,如:get?it,?catch?it,?make?it.?

            例如:①?I?have?lost?my?watch.?I?think?I?must?buy?one.我丟了只表,我想我必須再買一只。(代指上文指到的同類事物,但不指同一個(gè))?

            ②?Where?is?my?pen??Have?you?seen?it?

            我的鋼筆不知弄到哪去了,你見(jiàn)了嗎?(代指上文提到的同一事物)?③?The?land?of?China?is?larger?than?that?of?America.?

            ④?Tome?has?a?red?pen?and?a?blue?one?(或two?blue?ones)?

            ⑤?He?has?no?child,?and?he?wants?toadopt?one?(或?some)??

            四、虛擬語(yǔ)氣

            I?虛擬語(yǔ)氣在if?引導(dǎo)的條件句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)。?

            ①?if?my?lawyer?had?been?here?last?Saturday,?he?would?have?prevented?me?from?going.?

            ②?if?you?had?studied?hard?at?school,?you?would?be?a?college?student?now.?

            句子①②都是虛擬語(yǔ)氣在條件句中的使用,從句中都是假設(shè)過(guò)去的情況,所以用過(guò)去完成時(shí),但在主句中,句①依然指代過(guò)去的情況,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是would?have?done,而②中含有一個(gè)表示現(xiàn)在的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now,?這樣就必須將其理解為假設(shè)現(xiàn)在的情況,所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須為would/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形,學(xué)生在這一點(diǎn)上經(jīng)常會(huì)忽略now的存在,從而按句①的形式填寫答案。??

            Ⅱ虛擬語(yǔ)氣在名詞性從句中的用法??

            1.在it?is?important?(strange,?natural,?necessary……)+that?句子或者It?is?decided?(ordered,suggested,?demanded,?advised……)+that句子中,主語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用(should)+動(dòng)詞原形結(jié)構(gòu),表示某事“重要”、“必要”、“被決定”等?

            例如:①?it?is?important?that?everyone?(should?)?obey?the?rules?all?day?and?all?night.?

            ②?it?is?decided?that?the?meeting?(should)?be?held?tomorrow?afternoon.?

            2.?suggest,?insist?后面指賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)需注意的地方??

            1)①suggest?當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講時(shí),其后賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”?例如:He?suggested?that?the?work?(should)?be?started?at?once?他建議立即動(dòng)工。?

            類似的動(dòng)詞還有insist堅(jiān)持,demand要求,desire要求、請(qǐng)求,request請(qǐng)求,require要求、需要,order命令,propose建議,command命令,ask要求,advise建議,prefer寧愿等。?這些動(dòng)詞變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)(如:It?is?suggested?+?that主語(yǔ)從句)形式后,主語(yǔ)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”?這些動(dòng)詞變名詞(如suggestion)后,其后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)部分仍用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”?

            ②suggest?當(dāng)“提出(某看法),暗示,啟發(fā)”講時(shí),其后賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。?例如:(1)The?police?suggested?that?the?thief?might?be?one?of?the?family?member?

            警察局提出竊賊可能是一名家庭成員。?

            (2)Her?yawns?suggests?that?she?is?sleepy.?她打哈欠表明她困了。?

            (3)Although?he?didn’t?suggest?that?we?__?the?decision?to?swim?across?the?river,?but?his?look?suggested?that?our?decision?__wrong.雖然他沒(méi)提出我們應(yīng)該終止游過(guò)這條河的決定,但他的表情表明我們的決定是錯(cuò)誤的。?

            A:stop;?wasB:?should?stop;?be

            C:?stopped?;wasD:?stopped;?should?be?

            在這個(gè)句子中,前一個(gè)suggest當(dāng)“建議”“提出”講,而后一個(gè)作“表明”講,所以答案為“A”??

            2)①insist作“堅(jiān)決要求…該…;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為…定要…”講時(shí),其后賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should)+動(dòng)詞原形”?

            例如:I?insisted?that?you?(should)?be?there?on?time.我堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為你應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)時(shí)到那里去?

            ②insist?作“堅(jiān)持(意見(jiàn),看法);堅(jiān)持說(shuō),確信”講時(shí),其后從句不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。

            例如:He?suggested?(that)?he?heard?someone?in?the?next?room.?他堅(jiān)持說(shuō)他聽(tīng)到隔壁屋子里有人。???

            五.反意疑問(wèn)句中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

            1.在一般疑問(wèn)句中,無(wú)論肯定的問(wèn)或是否定的問(wèn),如果回答為肯定則用yes,反之則用no.特別注意如果出現(xiàn)省略則看下文所暗示的意義。?

            ①—Are?you?a?new?comer??

            —Yes,?I?came?here?only?yesterday.?

            ②—Isn’t?Tom?a?good?student??

            —Yes,?he?is?excellent.?

            ③—Don’t?you?think?the?composition?good??

            —No,?It?can’t?be?any?worse.?

            注意:在②③句中,當(dāng)回答的意思與問(wèn)句相一致時(shí),則用No,譯為“是的”,當(dāng)回答的意思與問(wèn)句相反時(shí),則用Yes,譯為“不”??

            2.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must?

            ①?I?must?leave?now,?mustn’t?I???

            ②?He?must?be?in?the?classroom,?isn’t??(表推測(cè))?

            ③?He?must?have?finished?his?homework,?hasn’t?he???(表現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果)?

            ④?He?must?have?finished?his?homework?yesterday?afternoon,didn’t?he??(表過(guò)去)?

            當(dāng)句子中有表示猜測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí),其反意疑問(wèn)句的構(gòu)成不能再用原句中的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,而應(yīng)根據(jù)原句在去掉情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的情況下的主謂關(guān)系來(lái)確定其反問(wèn)形式。??

            六、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

            非謂語(yǔ)與其邏輯主語(yǔ)(即動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者或承受者)之間有三種關(guān)系,如為主謂關(guān)系,則用現(xiàn)在分詞或不定式的主動(dòng)式;如為被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過(guò)去分詞、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)(強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行)或不定式的被動(dòng)式(動(dòng)作將進(jìn)行);如既無(wú)主動(dòng)也無(wú)被動(dòng)關(guān)系則只能用狀語(yǔ)從句或獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)(即非謂語(yǔ)加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ))

            Judging/considering/genrally?speaking/supposing?指說(shuō)話者的動(dòng)作,故只用主動(dòng)式。如:?

            Having?been?ill?in?bed?for?nearly?a?month?,?he?had?a?hard?time?passing?the?exam.?

            解析:從這個(gè)句子可以看出,句詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)he一致,并且是主謂關(guān)系,所以用了現(xiàn)在的分詞作狀語(yǔ),同時(shí),分詞的動(dòng)作明顯地發(fā)生在句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前,故采用了現(xiàn)代分詞的完成式。

            In?order?to?improve?English?,?________.?

            A.?Jenny’s?father?bought?her?a?lot?of?tapes.?

            B.?Jenny’s?father?bought?a?lot?of?tapes?for?herself.?

            C.?A?lot?of?tapes?were?bought?by?Jenny.?

            D.?A?lot?of?tapes?were?bought?by?Jenny?father.?

            解析:根據(jù)不定式短語(yǔ)我們可以推知,句子的邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)該是人而不是物,所以,應(yīng)該排除CD,再就是應(yīng)該是Jenny提高自己的英語(yǔ),而不是她爸爸,故答案先B.?

            ———,we?decided?to?go?out?for?a?walk.?

            A.?It?is?fine?B.?It?fine?

            C.?Being?fine?D.It?being?fine?

            解析:主句主語(yǔ)we與動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)be?fine之間既無(wú)主動(dòng)關(guān)系與無(wú)被動(dòng)關(guān)系,所以要加上自己的邏輯主語(yǔ)It,由于不存在主、被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故不能選C項(xiàng),而應(yīng)該選D?項(xiàng)。?

            ————more?attention,?the?trees?could?have?grown?better.?A.?Given?B.To?give?C.Giving?D.?Having?giving?

            解析:give與主句的主語(yǔ)之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系,故選A.如為主動(dòng)關(guān)系則選C.?

            英語(yǔ)16種時(shí)態(tài)用法詳解

            1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) (do/does; is/am/are)

            ① 表示現(xiàn)在的情況、狀態(tài)或特征。

            例:He is a student.

            他是一個(gè)學(xué)生。

            ② 表示經(jīng)常性、習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

            例:He always helps others.

            他總是幫助別人。

            ③ 客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。

            例:The earth moves the sun.

            地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。

            ④ 表示一個(gè)按規(guī)定、計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

            僅限于某些表示“來(lái)、去、動(dòng) 、停、開(kāi)始、結(jié)束、繼續(xù)”等的動(dòng)詞,可以與表示未來(lái)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)搭配使用 。

            常見(jiàn)的用法是:飛機(jī)、火車、輪船、汽車等定期定點(diǎn)運(yùn)行的交通方式。

            例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.

            下一趟火車今天下午3點(diǎn)開(kāi)車。

            ⑤ 在時(shí)間、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中經(jīng)常用一般現(xiàn)在(有時(shí)也用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))表示將的來(lái)事情。(即:主將從現(xiàn)原則)

            例:I will call you as soon as I arrive at the airport.

            我一到機(jī)場(chǎng)就會(huì)給你打電話。

            When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.

            等你完成這份報(bào)告的時(shí)候,我就已經(jīng)等了將近3個(gè)小時(shí)了。

            2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)(am/is/are doing)

            ① 表示此時(shí)此刻正在發(fā)生的事情。

            例:He is listning to the music now.

            他現(xiàn)在正在聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。

            ② 表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在做的事情,但不一定此時(shí)此刻正在做。

            例:I am studying computer this term.

            這個(gè)學(xué)期我一直在學(xué)習(xí)計(jì)算機(jī)。

            ③ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示將來(lái)的含義。

            a. 瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行一定表將來(lái)。

            例: I am leaving.

            我要離開(kāi)了。

            b. 持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)行只有有將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或有將來(lái)語(yǔ)境中才表將來(lái)。

            例: I am travelling next month.

            下個(gè)月我要去旅行。

            ④ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與頻度副詞連用,表示說(shuō)話者或褒義或貶義的感情色彩。

            例: He is always helping others.

            他總是幫助別人。(褒義)

            3. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)(have/has done)

            ① 表示動(dòng)作到現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)完成或剛剛完成,強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。

            例:I bought a new house, but I haven't sold my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.

            我買了一所新房子,但是還沒(méi)有賣掉舊的,所以現(xiàn)在我又兩所房子。

            ② 表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)刻開(kāi)始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或情況,并且有可能會(huì)繼續(xù)延續(xù)下去。此時(shí)經(jīng)常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

            時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)常用since加一個(gè)過(guò)去的時(shí)間點(diǎn),或for加一段時(shí)間,或by加一個(gè)現(xiàn)在時(shí)間。

            例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas have been challenged today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.

            雖然牛頓是個(gè)偉大的人物,但他的許多見(jiàn)解直到今天還在受到挑戰(zhàn),并且被現(xiàn)代科學(xué)家的工作所修正

            4. 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(have/has been doing)

            表示某一動(dòng)作開(kāi)始于過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,延續(xù)或重復(fù)地出現(xiàn)至今,或?qū)⒗^續(xù)延續(xù)至將來(lái)。

            例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.

            到目前為止,我們一直在處理那個(gè)項(xiàng)目,已經(jīng)花了一個(gè)多月時(shí)間了。

            5. 一般過(guò)去時(shí) (did; was/were)

            ① 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或情況。

            例:I bought some fruits yesterday.

            我昨天買了一些水果。

            ② 表示過(guò)去習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作。

            例:When I was a boy,I often swam in that river.

            would/used to do:表示過(guò)去常常......

            例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.

            老人過(guò)去常常坐在寧?kù)o的公園里的一條長(zhǎng)椅上,看著其他的人,一坐就是數(shù)個(gè)小時(shí),什么也不干,也不和任何人交談。

            He used to visit his mother once a week.

            他以前總是每周看望一次他的母親。

            6. 過(guò)去完成時(shí)(had done)

            表示在過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或已經(jīng)存在的狀態(tài)。就是我們常說(shuō)的"過(guò)去的過(guò)去"。

            Until then, his family hadn't heard from him for six months.

            到那時(shí)為止,他家里已經(jīng)有六個(gè)月沒(méi)得到他的消息了。

            7. 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(would do)

            表示從過(guò)去的某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的事。

            例:I said on Thursday I should see my friend the next day.

            我星期四說(shuō)我將于第二天拜訪我的朋友。

            8. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)(was/ were doing)

            ① 表示在過(guò)去具體的時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。

            例:Mary was listening to light music 10 minutes ago.

            10分鐘前,瑪麗正在聽(tīng)輕音樂(lè)。

            ② 表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間段內(nèi)一直在發(fā)生的事情。

            例:I was travelling in London last summer vacation.

            去年暑假我在倫敦旅行。

            ③ 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的含義。

            a. 瞬時(shí)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)一定表示過(guò)去將來(lái)的含義。

            例:Then she said she was leaving.

            然后她說(shuō)她要離開(kāi)了。

            b. 持續(xù)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)只有在有過(guò)去將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或過(guò)去將來(lái)的語(yǔ)境下才能表示過(guò)去將來(lái)。

            例:She said that she was travelling the next day.

            她說(shuō)她第二天要去旅行。

            ④ 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和頻度副詞連用可以表示說(shuō)話者或褒義或貶義的感情色彩。

            9. 一般將來(lái)時(shí)

            (1)will do

            ① 表示主語(yǔ)主觀意愿的將來(lái)。

            例:I will send her a glass hand-made craft as her birthday gift.

            我將送給她一個(gè)玻璃的手工制品,作為給她的生日禮物。

            ② 表示客觀將來(lái)。

            例:Fish will die without water.

            離開(kāi)水,魚會(huì)死。

            ③ 表示臨時(shí)決定。

            例:——Mary has been ill for a week.

            ——Oh,I didn't know. I will go and see her.

            (2)am/is/are going to do

            ① 表示計(jì)劃、打算做某事。

            例:This is just what I am going to say.

            這正是我想說(shuō)的。

            ② 表示根據(jù)某種跡象看,很可能或即將發(fā)生的事情,表推測(cè)。

            例:Look at the dark clouds in the sky. It's going to rain.

            看天上的烏云,要下雨了。

            (3)am/is/are about to do

            表示“即將、正要”時(shí),可用。強(qiáng)調(diào)近期內(nèi)或馬上要做的事。

            例:Don't worry, I am about to make a close examination on you.

            別擔(dān)心,我馬上就給你做一次仔細(xì)的檢查。

            (4)be to do

            ① 表示“按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生某事或打算做某事”。

            例:She is to be seen in the lab on Monday.

            星期一你準(zhǔn)會(huì)在實(shí)驗(yàn)室見(jiàn)到她。

            ② 該做或不該做的事情(語(yǔ)氣上接近于should, must, ought to, have to),表示一種命令、規(guī)勸性語(yǔ)氣。

            例:You are to go to bed and keep quiet, kids. Our guests are arriving in less than 5 minutes.

            孩子們,你們必須 上床睡覺(jué),不準(zhǔn)吵鬧。我們的客人5分鐘之內(nèi)就要到了。

            10. 將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(will be doing)

            表示在將來(lái)的某個(gè)具體時(shí)間正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事情。

            例:Don't worry, you won't miss her. She will be wearing a red T-shirt and a white skirt at that time.

            別擔(dān)心,你不會(huì)認(rèn)不出她的。她到時(shí)會(huì)穿一件紅色的T恤衫和一條白色的短裙。

            11. 將來(lái)完成時(shí)(will have done)

            表示從將來(lái)的某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始、延續(xù)到另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),或是在某個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間完成,但對(duì)其后的另一個(gè)將來(lái)時(shí)間有影響的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。就好象把現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)平移到時(shí)間軸的將來(lái)時(shí)時(shí)段一樣。

            例:The conference will have lasted a full week by the time it ends.

            會(huì)議從開(kāi)始到結(jié)束將持續(xù)整整一個(gè)星期。

            12. 將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):(will have been doing)

            表示動(dòng)作從某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直延續(xù)到將來(lái)某一時(shí)間,是否繼續(xù)下去,應(yīng)視上下文而定。

            例:By the end of next month, the project will have been being worked for 3 years.

            到下個(gè)月底為止,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。

            13. 過(guò)去完成進(jìn)行時(shí):had been doing

            表示某一動(dòng)作一直延續(xù)到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間,是否繼續(xù)下去,應(yīng)視上下文而定。

            例:The old clock had been being taken apart of and fixed up again for several times by my 10-year old son before I came back home.

            我回到家之前,我10歲大的兒子已經(jīng)把這個(gè)舊鐘表拆卸并重新組裝了好幾回了。

            14. 過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí):( would be doing )

            表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)間而言,將來(lái)某一時(shí)間或時(shí)間段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,主要用于從句中。

            例:The government promised that a new highway would be being built next July.

            政府承諾說(shuō)第二年7月將有一條新的高速公路正在修建。

            15. 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí):(would have done)

            表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)間而言,將來(lái)某一時(shí)間之前所完成的動(dòng)作。常用在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中,表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。

            例:I believed by the end of that year an advanced version of that software would have been developed, but I was wrong.

            我堅(jiān)信到那年年底為止,那個(gè)軟件的新版本將被開(kāi)發(fā)出來(lái)。但是我錯(cuò)了。

            16. 過(guò)去將來(lái)完成進(jìn)行時(shí):(would have been doing)

            表示就過(guò)去某一時(shí)間而言,將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻之前一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,是否繼續(xù)下去,應(yīng)視上下文而定。

            例:They said that by the end of the following month, the project would have been being worked for 3 years.

            他們說(shuō)到第二個(gè)月底為止,這項(xiàng)工程就已經(jīng)不停地進(jìn)行了3年了。

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